Description
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted research peptide studied for effects on mitochondrial membranes, cellular energy production and oxidative stress.
Potential Benefits — Research Is Ongoing
Potential benefits draw on mitochondrial laboratory research and early human studies. Larger trials have produced mixed results, and this B&A presentation has not been clinically tested.
- Cellular energy production: May improve the efficiency of mitochondrial ATP production.
- Mitochondrial membrane support: May help stabilise the inner membrane where cellular energy is generated.
- Oxidative-stress protection: May help limit damaging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.
- Energy handling in stressed muscle: May support mitochondrial function where energy production is impaired.
Research sources: Human muscle ATP-production trial; MMPOWER-3 trial.
Research Overview
SS-31, also known as elamipretide or MTP-131, is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. Clinical research has examined whether its effects on mitochondrial membranes translate into changes in exercise capacity and fatigue in people with primary mitochondrial myopathy. Results differ between early studies and larger trials.
Mechanism / Pathway
Elamipretide associates with cardiolipin, a lipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Researchers investigate how this interaction affects membrane function and oxidative phosphorylation, the process mitochondria use to generate cellular energy.
Important Research Information
Evidence from a selected disease population cannot establish enhanced athletic performance, longevity or improved energy in healthy people. The clinical studies used trial-manufactured material and defined protocols; they do not establish equivalence or human-use safety of this 10 mg B&A research pen. Injection-site reactions were common in the early crossover study. [2]
Published Research
- [1] Karaa et al. (2018): Dose-escalation trial in primary mitochondrial myopathy.
- [2] Karaa et al. (2020): Randomised crossover study.
- [3] Karaa et al. (2023): MMPOWER-3 randomised clinical trial.
Scientific Profile
- Identity: SS-31 / elamipretide / MTP-131
- Structural class: Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide
- Pathway: Cardiolipin-associated mitochondrial membrane function
- Evidence level: Disease-specific clinical trials; results and formulation limitations are described above
Research Areas
- Mitochondrial membrane organisation
- Oxidative phosphorylation and cellular energy pathways
- Exercise capacity and fatigue outcomes in defined disease populations
Product Presentation
- Format: 3 mL prefilled disposable research pen
- Pen graduation: 300 clicks
- Research compound: SS-31 10 mg
- Storage: Keep refrigerated at 2–8°C and protect from light
Research-Use Notice
Compare SS-31 10 mg with related listings
Check the complete ingredient names, individual amounts and presentation when comparing products. Total labelled contents do not specify the liquid volume or concentration.
View the separate SS-31 10 mg vial listing or browse B&A Premium prefilled pens. These links help identify formats and ingredients; they do not establish that different products are interchangeable or that combining them is appropriate.
Warnings, Contraindications & Safety Information
Research use only. This is an evidence-limited safety summary, not a package insert, complete prescribing information or permission for self-administration. References to licensed medicines describe those specific products; they do not establish B&A product approval, equivalence or safety.
Contraindications & Who Should Avoid Exposure
The FORZINITY elamipretide medicine label contraindicates serious ingredient hypersensitivity. This B&A SS-31 presentation is not established as equivalent to FORZINITY.
Warnings & Precautions
The licensed elamipretide formulation has a benzyl-alcohol warning for neonates and requires special consideration in severe renal impairment. Those formulation-specific instructions do not establish the composition or safe use of this research product. Pregnancy, breastfeeding and paediatric safety for this presentation are not established.
Possible Adverse Reactions
The licensed medicine reports local reactions such as redness, pain, itching, bruising and swelling; serious hypersensitivity can occur. Its reaction rates cannot be assumed for this B&A product.
Drug & Supplement Interactions
Drug and supplement interactions have not been adequately characterised for this presentation. Do not assume that combining it with prescription medicines, hormones or other research compounds is safe. Give a clinician the full ingredient list if exposure has occurred.
When to Seek Urgent Help
Seek emergency care for difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, collapse, severe persistent abdominal pain, or repeated vomiting with inability to keep fluids down. Stop further exposure and show the clinician the product label and ingredient list.
Handling & Storage Cautions
Follow the actual product label and batch-specific expiry information. Do not use damaged, contaminated or unexpectedly changed material. A clear appearance, refrigeration or addition of bacteriostatic water does not prove sterility, compatibility or a safe shelf life. Do not share needles, pens or opened material between people.
Safety references: Official elamipretide medicine label. Information reviewed 20 October 2026.
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